Prefrontal lobe Health Dictionary

Prefrontal Lobe: From 1 Different Sources


the region of the brain at the very front of each cerebral hemisphere (see frontal lobe). The functions of the lobe are concerned with emotions, memory, learning, and social behaviour. Nerve tracts in the lobe are cut during the operation of prefrontal *leucotomy.
Health Source: Oxford | Concise Colour Medical Dictionary
Author: Jonathan Law, Elizabeth Martin

Lobe

The term applied to the larger divisions of various organs, such as to the four lobes of the LIVER, the three lobes of the right and the two lobes of the left lung, which are separated by ?ssures from one another (see LUNGS), and to the lobes or super?cial areas into which the BRAIN is divided. The term lobar is applied to structures which are connected with lobes of organs, or to diseases which have a tendency to be limited by the boundaries of lobes, such as lobar PNEUMONIA.... lobe

Lobectomy

The operation of cutting out a lobe of the lung in such diseases as abscess of the lung and bronchiectasis and carcinoma (see LUNGS, DISEASES OF).... lobectomy

Lobelia

Lobelia inflata. N.O. Campanulaceae.

Synonym: Indian Tobacco, Pukeweed, Emetic Weed.

Habitat: North America ; cultivated in Salt Lake City.

Features ? A biennial herb, in height from twelve to eighteen inches, the stem is angular and slightly hairy. One to three inches long, the leaves are alternate, sessile, and ovate-lanceolate, with small, whitish glands on the edge. The fruit is in the form of a flat, oval capsule, which contains ovate-oblong seeds about one eighth of an inch long, brown in colour, with a reticulated, pitted surface. The root is fibrous, and the plant bears a small blue, pointed flower. The taste is burning and acrid like tobacco, the odour slight. Part used ? Herb and seeds are used.

Action: Emetic, stimulant, antispasmodic, expectorant, and diaphoretic.

Lobelia inflata has for many years been one of the most widely discussed and hotly debated articles used in medicine. While many herbalists contend that it is the most valuable of all botanic remedies, official medicine in England classifies it as a poison. Herbalists who use Lobelia insist that it is most certainly not a poison, and that it can be administered by them in large doses with perfect safety. They use it chiefly as an emetic, and, as its administration brings about the prompt removal of accumulations of mucus, the action in bronchial complaints is speedy and beneficial. Coffin's comments in this connection are enthusiastic ? "Lobelia is decidedly the most certain and efficient emetic known, and is at the same time safe in its operations. Unlike most emetics from the mineral kingdom, it produces its specific effect without corroding the stomach or producing morbid irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane of this organ, which are so common in the use of antimony, zinc, and the sulphate of copper. Lobelia may emphatically be said to 'operate in unison with the laws of life'."

In view of the controversy surrounding its use, the history of Lobelia is interesting. North American Indians had apparently long been acquainted

with its properties, but its first introduction to general use was due to the efforts of the famous American, Samuel Thomson. His disciple, Dr. Coffin, brought the herb to this country and used it extensively in his practice for over forty years, apparently with great success "in almost every form of disease, and from the tender infant to the aged," to quote Coffin himself. In both America and Britain herbalists have been tried on charges of causing death by administering Lobelia, but in no instance has a verdict been obtained against them.... lobelia

Frontal Lobe

The anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere as far back as the central sulcus. It contains the motor cortex and the parts of the brain concerned with personality, behaviour and learning. (See BRAIN.)... frontal lobe

Parietal Lobe

A major section of each cerebral hemisphere (see BRAIN). The two lobes lie under the parietal bones and contain the sensory cortex.... parietal lobe

Temporal Lobe

Part of the cerebral cortex in each hemisphere of the BRAIN. Areas of the temporal lobe are involved in the understanding of sound and spoken language.... temporal lobe

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

More accurately called complex partial seizures, this is a type of EPILEPSY in which the abnormal cerebral activity originates in the temporal lobe of the BRAIN. It is characterised by hallucinations of smell and sometimes of taste, hearing, or sight. There may be disturbances of memory, including déjà vu phenomena. AUTOMATISM may occur, but consciousness is seldom lost.... temporal lobe epilepsy

Lobelia Chinensis

Lour.

Synonym: L. radicans Thunb.

Family: Campanulaceae, Lobeli- aceae.

Habitat: Nepal, Chota Nagpur and Khasi hills at altitudes of 9001,500 m.

Action: Plant—used in China for fevers and asthma. Root—considered depurative and antirheumatic in Indo-China. The plant is one of the constituent of a tincture formulation used for the treatment of scars.

The rhizomes of the plant are reported to contain the polyfructosan, lobelinin.... lobelia chinensis

Lobelia Inflata

Linn.

Family: Campanulaceae; Lobeli-

Habitat: Native to eastern United States; imported into India.

English: Indian Tabacco, Pukeweed.

Ayurvedic: Devanala (var.).

Action: Antiasthmatic, antispasmodic, broncho-dilator, expectorant, mild sedative and relaxant. Used as a tabacco deterrent (as a major ingredient in many antismoking mixtures).

Key application: In the treatment of asthma, bronchitis. (German Commission E.) As respiratory stimulant. (The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia.)

Lobelia contains piperidine alkaloids, mainly lobeline, with lobelanine, lobelanidine, norlobelanine, isolobi- nine. Lobeline stimulates respiration in animals by stimulating respiratory centre and at high doses stimulates the vomiting centre.

Lobeline has similar but less potent pharmacological properties to nicotine but 1/20-1/5 as potent.

Lobeline (0.5%) has also been used as an active ingredient in skin-lightening preparations.

Clinical research could not demonstrate lobeline efficacy greater than placebo in smoking cessation. It was disallowed as an ingredient in antismoking products in the US in 1993. (Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 2007.)

The leaves contain beta-amyrin pal- mitate which possesses sedative and antidepressant properties comparable to the antidepressant drug mianserin. Methanolic extract of leaves exhibited antidepressant activity.

The leaf powder is toxic at 0.6-1.0 , (Francis Brinker.)... lobelia inflata

Lobelia Leschenaultina

(Persl) Skottsb.

Synonym: L. excelsa Lesch.

Family: Campanulaceae; Lobeli- aceae.

Habitat: Hills of South India at altitudes above 1,800 m.

Ayurvedic: Nala (var.).

Folk: Devanala (var.) (Maharashtra.)

Action: Leaves—filtered solution is used in the control of aphids, tingids and mites on vegetable and other crops. Plant—poisonous to man and livestock. The leaves are cured and smoked as tabacco.... lobelia leschenaultina

Lobelia Nicotianaefolia

Heyne.

Family: Campanulaceae; Lobeli- aceae.

Habitat: Deccan, Konkan and Western Ghats, at altitudes of 9002,100 m.

English: Wild Tobacco.

Ayurvedic: Devanala, Nala (var.).

Siddha/Tamil: Kattuppugaiyilai, Upperichedi.

Action: Used as a substitute for Lobelia inflata.

An analysis of Lobelia nicotianae- folia, grown in Maharashtra, shows that the plant contains appreciable quantities of nor-lobelanine and small amounts of lobinine and minor bases.

Lobelia cardinalis Linn., Cardinal Flower, is cultivated in Indian gardens. It contains lobinaline as main alkaloid. Lobinaline depresses blood pressure but has no influence on respiration. L. erinus Linn. and L. succulenta Blume, synonym L. affinis Wall. also contain alkaloids with lobinaline 0.445%.

Lobelia cordigera Cav., synonym L. fulgens Willd., an ornamental Lobelia sp., grown in Indian gardens, contains inulin.

Lobelia pyramidalis Wall. (Himalayas from Kumaon eastwards to Sikkim and Assam at altitudes of900-2,700 m) contains 0.29-0.38% alkaloids as lobeline, and may be used as a substitute for Lobelia inflata.... lobelia nicotianaefolia

Lobelia Tea

Lobelia tea is known for many years as being very effective for respiratory and viral disorders. Lobelia, also known as Indian Tobacco, is a flowering plant that can grow up to two feet tall. Its leaves have a yellow or light green color, violet spiky flowers and oval-shaped fruits. The constituents of lobelia are alkaloids, resins, lipids and gums, constituents that help relax the muscles and reduce a person’s craving for nicotine. How To Make Lobelia Tea Lobelia tea can be made by infusing ½ teaspoon of dried lobelia leaves in boiling water. Let the mix steep for about 10-15 minutes and when the time is up, pout the tea into your cup using a strainer to catch the leaves. Tea drinkers suggest that you should combine lobelia tea with another herbal tea to really enhance the flavor. But this depends on what you prefer. Lobelia Tea Benefits
  • Lobelia Tea has been used for many years to beak the smoking habit and it is often used in many smoking cessation programs.
  • Provides relaxation, easing tension and panic.
  • Treats asthma and bronchitis. It is said that Native Americans used to smoke lobelia to treat these conditions.
  • Clears toxins from your body, lobelia tea being able to induce vomiting.
  • Have anti-spasmodic, diuretic and sedative properties.
Lobelia Tea Side Effects
  • People who experience certain health conditions such as heart, liver or kidney disease, high blood pressure, seizure disorders, paralysis, shortness of breath should not drink Lobelia Tea.
  • Pregnant and breastfeeding women should not drink Lobelia Tea.
  • Lobelia Tea may interfere with the effects of certain medications, such as psychiatric medications or nicotine substitutes, so do not drink lobelia tea before consulting your doctor!
Lobelia Tea is a healty herbal tea, having a lot of benefits for your body. Try not to drink more than 3-4 cups per day of Lobelia Tea and make sure you won’t experience any of the side effects listed above!... lobelia tea

Lobectomy, Lung

An operation to cut out one of the lobes of a lung, usually to remove a cancerous tumour.... lobectomy, lung

Lobotomy, Prefrontal

Cutting of some of the fibres linking the frontal lobes to the rest of the brain.

This operation was formerly used to treat severe psychiatric disorders; it is very rarely performed now.... lobotomy, prefrontal

Ear-lobe Creases

diagonal creases across the ear lobes, which have a statistically significant correlation with coronary atheroma. The reason is unknown.... ear-lobe creases

Quadrate Lobe

one of the lobes of the *liver.... quadrate lobe



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