Lin: From 1 Different Sources
(Chinese) Resembling jade; from the woodland
A term applied to any thick, syrupy medicine. Most of these are remedies for excessive coughing.... linctus
A liquid or thin paste applied to the skin to work as a pain reliever... liniment
See RADIOTHERAPY.... linear accelerator
An insecticide used in SCABIES and lice infestations (see PEDICULOSIS); however, head lice are now often resistant. Used excessively, lindane may be neurotoxic (damage the nervous system).... lindane
During pregnancy, the LINEA ALBA becomes pigmented and appears as a dark line down the middle of the belly, and is called the linea nigra.... linea nigra
Referring or related to the TONGUE: for example, the lingual nerve supplies sensation to the tongue.... lingual
Liniments, or EMBROCATIONS, are oily mixtures intended for external application by rubbing. Their chief use is in the production of pain relief, particularly in rheumatic conditions. They may be highly toxic if taken orally.... liniments
A description that in GENETICS means circumstances in which two or more GENES lie near each other on a chromosome (see CHROMOSOMES) and so may well be inherited together.... linkage
An unsaturated fatty acid occurring widely in the glycerides of plants. It is an essential nutrient for mammals, including humans.... linoleic acid
This was originally made of teased-out linen; now it consists of a loose cotton fabric, one side of which is ?u?y, the other being smooth and applied next to the skin when the surface is broken. Marine lint consists of tow impregnated with tar, and is used where large quantities of some absorbent and deodorising dressing are required. Cotton lint is impregnated with various substances, the most common being boracic lint. Lint containing perchloride of iron (15 per cent) is valuable as a styptic (see STYPTICS).... lint
The way in which a characteristic or an illness determined by the SEX CHROMOSOMES in an individual’s cells is passed on to the succeeding generation. Men have one X and one Y sex chromosome and women have two X chromosomes. Disorders that result from an abnormal number of sex chromosomes include KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME, which affects only men, and TURNER’S SYNDROME, which affects mainly women. Recessive GENES on the X chromosome cause most other sex-linked characteristics; in women these may well be masked because one of their two X chromosomes carries a normal (dominant) gene. In men, who have just one X chromosome, no such masking occurs – so more men than women are affected by X-linked characteristics or diseases. (See also HEREDITY.)... sex-linked inheritance
This is a sensitive method for measuring the quantity of a substance. An antibody to the substance is prepared along with an ENZYME which binds to the antibody and which can be accurately measured using colour changes that occur as a result of the chemical reaction.... enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa)
(Arabic) Of the palm tree Leena, Leina, Leyna, Lena, Lyna, Leana... lina
(African) The daughter we have waited for... lindiwe
(English) From the pastureland Lindly, Lindlee, Lindleigh, Lindli, Lindlie, Leland, Lindlea... lindley
(English) From the island of linden trees; from Lincoln’s wetland Lind, Lindsea, Lindsee, Lindseigh, Lindsey, Lindsy, Linsay, Linsey, Linsie, Linzi, Linzee, Linzy, Lyndsay, Lyndsey, Lyndsie, Lynnsey, Lynnzey, Lynsey, Lynzey, Lynzi, Lynzy, Lynzee, Lynzie, Lindse... lindsay
The line of ?brous tissue stretching down the mid line of the belly from the lower end of the sternum to the pubic bone (see PUBIS). The linea alba gives attachment to the muscles of the wall of the stomach.... linea alba
(Chinese) As sweet as the tinkling of a bell Lyng... ling
(Scottish) Resembling the cascade of a waterfall Linne... linn
(Scandinavian) Resembling a small mountain flower; of the lime tree Lenae, Linea, Linna, Linnae, Linnaea, Lynae, Lynea, Lynnae, Lynnea... linnea
An agent that effects the dissolution of a calculus... linthontriptic
Linn.
Habitat: Cultivated mainly in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar and Rajasthan.
English: Linseed, Flax.
Ayurvedic: Atasi, Umaa, Masrnaa, Nilapushpi, Kshumaa.
Unani: Kattan.
Siddha/Tamil: (Seed).
Action: Seed—demulcent, emollient, laxative, antilipidemic, antitussive, pectoral (used in bronchitis and cough). Flowers—used as nervine and cardiac tonic. Oil— used in burns, skin injuries and sores.
Key application: Internally, for chronic constipation, for colons damaged by abuse of laxatives, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticular disease, symptomatic short-term treatment of gastritis and enteritis. Externally, for painful skin inflammations. (German Commission E, ESCOP, The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia.)The plant contains chlorogenic acid and its isomer. Also present are palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic acids, along with amino acids, and sugars. Linseed also contains mucilage (3-10%) in epidermis; fatty oil (30-40%); cyanogenic glycosides (0.05-00.1%) mainly linus- tatin, neolinustatin and linamarin; lig- nans; phenylpropane derivatives including linusitamarin. (Cyanogenic glycosides are not found toxic in therapeutic doses as these are broken down only to a limited extent in the body.)The seeds are an excellent source of dietary alpha-linolenic acid for modifying plasma and tissue lipids. Flaxseed preparations reduced atherogenic risk in hyperlipemic patients. (Cited in Expanded Commission E Monographs.)Human studies have indicated Flax- seed's use in atherosclerosis, hyperc- holesterolemia, lupus nephritis, chronic renal diseases and in cancer prevention (active principle: lignan precursor secoisolariciresinol diglycoside). (Sharon M. Herr. Also Am J Clin Nutr, 1999, 69, 395-402.)The PP glucose response to a 50 g carbohydrate load given as Flaxseed bread was found to be 27% lower when compared with regular white bread.Taking Flaxseed oil daily for 3 months did not improve symptoms of pain and stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis and no effect was observed on RA, such as C-reactive protein and ESR. (Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 2007.)The water-binding capacity and rhe- ological properties of linseed mucilage resembled those of guar gum.
Dosage: Ripe seed—3-6 g powder. (API, Vol. I.) Flower-bud—3-6 g; oil—5-10 ml. (CCRAS.)... linum usitatissimum
A minimum income level below which a person is officially considered to lack adequate subsistence and to be living in poverty. Poverty statistics are based on definitions developed by individual countries or constituencies.... poverty level / line
A polyunsaturated fatty acid; an essential ingredient in the body’s production of prostaglandins. Present naturally in mother’s milk. The body produces GLA from linoleic acid present in food as an essential fatty acid (EFA). Vital to growth, cell structure and cardiac health. Sources: Evening Primrose oil; Sunflower seed oil, Borage and Blackcurrant. Preparations from the fermentation of rotten carrots. Helps lower blood pressure and prevent cholesterol build-up in the blood. ... gamma linolenic acid (gla)
Flaxseed. Linum usitatissimum L. German: Flachs. French: Lin. Italian: Lino usuale. Chinese: Hu-ma-esze. Indian: Tesimosina. Arabian: Bazen. Part used: oil from the seeds (Linseed oil), seeds.
Constituents: oil, mucilage, protein.
Action: demulcent, emollient, anti-cough, nutrient body-builder, antispasmodic (stomach and bowel). Source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, mucins and minerals. Expectorant. Bulk laxative and bowel lubricant. Rich in linoleic acid for breaking down cholesterol deposits, and to produce specific types of prostaglandins. Linseed is around six times richer in Omega-3 (the polyunsaturate present in fish oil) than most fish.
Uses: Its healing mucilage is beneficial for inflammation of the digestive and respiratory tracts, and of the gall duct. To soothe irritable mucous membranes. Spasmodic cough, bronchial asthma, bronchitis. To reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Heart disease. Persistent constipation.
Preparations: Average dose: 3-6 grams or equivalent. Thrice daily.
Tea: 2-3 teaspoons to cupful boiling water; infuse 15 minutes. Drink without filtering, with honey for sweetening if necessary. One-third-1 cup.
Cold tea for stomach disorders: Half a teaspoon crushed Linseed to cup water soaked overnight. Drink next morning. Heat if desired.
Tincture: 1-2 teaspoons in water.
Poultice: Crushed seeds. Half fill small muslin bag with seeds; immerse in boiling water until swollen seeds fill the bag; apply to abscesses, boils, or to relieve chest pain.
Linseed oil. An ingredient of liniments for burns and scalds.
Linusit: organically cultivated golden Linseed.
Diet: 3 tablespoons crushed Flaxseed daily ensures adequate supply of Omega-3 fatty acids, sprinkled on breakfast cereal, or as an ingredient of muesli. Also increase fluid intake.
Capsules. Emulsified Linseed oil. 1,000mg organic cold-pressed Linseed oil: 1-5 daily. (Bio-Care) LION CLEANSING HERBS. Elder leaf 8 per cent, Fennel 18 per cent, Frangula 8 per cent, Ispaghula 8 percent, Mate 8 per cent, Senna leaf 50 per cent. Non-persistent constipation. (Potter’s) ... linseed
Sex-linked genetic disorders in which the abnormal gene or genes (the causative factors) are located on the X chromosome. Almost all affected people are males. Haemophilia, fragile X syndrome. and colour vision deficiency are examples.... x-linked disorders
a narrow *catheter inserted into an artery for the purposes of continuous monitoring or blood gas analysis. It is used for short periods during phases of acute or critical illness and should be clearly labelled to prevent inadvertent use as a medication conduit. The femoral, axillary, or posterior tibial arteries can be used as insertion sites.... arterial line
transverse depressions on the nails appearing some weeks or months after a severe illness or chemotherapy. [J. H. S. Beau (1806–65), French physician]... beau’s lines
(ELISA) a sensitive technique for measuring the amount of a substance. An antibody that will bind to the substance is produced; the amount of an easily measured enzyme that then binds to the antibody complex enables accurate measurement.... enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
therapy that is the first choice for treating a particular condition; other (second-line) treatments are used only if first-line therapy has failed.... first-line treatment
a linear horizontal yellowish line seen in the deep epithelium of ageing corneas. [A. C. Hudson (1875–1962), British ophthalmologist; J. Stähli (20th century), Swiss ophthalmologist]... hudson–stähli line
fine horizontal lines seen in the angle between the diaphragm and the chest wall on a chest X-ray. It is a sign of pulmonary *oedema and therefore heart failure. [P. J. Kerley (20th century), British radiologist]... kerley b lines
normal permanent skin creases. Incisions parallel to Langer’s lines heal well and are less visible. [C. R. von E. Langer (1819–87), Austrian anatomist]... langer’s lines
n. see linear accelerator.... linac
n. see DPP-IV inhibitors.... linagliptin
see haemangioblastoma. [A. Lindau (1892–1958), Swedish pathologist]... lindau’s tumour
n. (pl. lineae) (in anatomy) a line, narrow streak, or stripe. The linea alba is a tendinous line, extending from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis, where the flat abdominal muscles are attached.... linea
n. a member of a class of antibiotics – the oxazolidinones – that are active against Gram-positive bacteria, including *MRSA. Linezolid is used to treat pneumonia and soft-tissue infections caused by these organisms when they have not responded to other antibacterials. The most common side-effects are headache, a metallic taste in the mouth, diarrhoea, and nausea.... linezolid
n. 1. the thin forward-projecting portion of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum, in the midline. 2. a small section of the upper lobe of the left lung, extending downwards in front of the heart. 3. a bony spur on the inside of the mandible, above the angle of the jaw. 4. a small backward-pointing projection on each side of the sphenoid bone.... lingula
n. (in dentistry) a protective layer placed in a prepared tooth cavity before a *filling is inserted.... lining
(leather-bottle stomach) diffuse infiltration of the stomach submucosa with malignant tissue, producing rigidity, narrowing, and reduced luminal capacity. Endoscopic diagnosis may be difficult (typically the stomach does not distend during air insufflation at gastroscopy) but radiological changes are more marked.... linitis plastica
n. a radiological examination of any tube or line placed into any organ. A radiopaque contrast material is injected through the line and the flow is observed with X-rays, to look for any leakage or blockage of the tubing or the organ it is placed in.... linogram
see essential fatty acid.... linolenic acid
peripherally inserted central catheter: a long flexible catheter usually inserted via a vein in the arm and the subclavian vein into the superior vena cava. It is used when prolonged intravenous access is required; for example, for infusional chemotherapy and *total parenteral nutrition (TPN).... picc line
the means by which information about health events from several different sources (e.g. hospital attendance, vaccination, and consultation with general practitioners) are all related to a specific individual in a common file or more usually a computerized record. This contrasts with data in which events only are recorded (see Hospital Episode Statistics) and two individuals treated for the same disease cannot be distinguished from one individual treated on two separate occasions.... record linkage
adj. describing genes (or the characteristics controlled by them) that are carried on the sex chromosomes, usually the *X chromosome. The genes for certain disorders, such as *haemophilia, are carried on the X chromosome; these genes and disorders are described as X-linked. Since most of these sex-linked genes are *recessive, men are more likely to have the diseases since they have only one X chromosome; women can carry the genes but their harmful effects are usually masked by the dominant (normal) alleles on their second X chromosome.... sex-linked
an inherited syndrome in which *haemangioblastomas, particularly in the cerebellum, are associated with renal and pancreatic cysts, *angiomas in the retina (causing blindness), cancer of the kidney cells, and red birthmarks. [E. von Hippel (1867–1939), German ophthalmologist; A. Lindau (1892–1958), Swedish pathologist]... von hippel–lindau disease
see sex-linked.... x-linked disease
(XLP syndrome, Duncan’s disease) a hereditary disorder of the immune system caused by a defective *sex-linked gene carried on an *X chromosome. There is uncontrolled proliferation of B-*lymphocytes in response to infection by the Epstein-Barr virus, which can lead to fulminating hepatitis or lymphoma. This condition is due to a defect in a gene, SAP, which encodes a signalling molecule found in the cytoplasm of cells.... x-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome
Bursera glabrifolia
FAMILY: Burseraceae
SYNONYMS: B. delpechiana, Mexican linaloe, ‘copallimon’.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION: A tall, bushy tropical shrub or tree, with a smooth bark and bearing fleshy fruit. The wood is only used for distillation purposes when the tree is twenty or thirty years old. The oil is partially a pathological product since its production is stimulated by lacerating the trunk – which apparently must be wounded on the night of the full moon for the tree to produce any oil!
DISTRIBUTION: Native to Central and South America, especially Mexico. It is cultivated in the Far East particularly in India (Mysore). The wood oil is mainly produced in Mexico, the seed (and husk) oil in India.
OTHER SPECIES: There are several species which are all known simply as linaloe: see Botanical Classification section. West Indian elemi (B. simaruba) is a close relative, as are myrrh and frankincense.
HERBAL/FOLK TRADITION: The seed oil is known in India as ‘Indian lavender oil’ and used chiefly as a local perfume ingredient and in soaps by the cosmetics industry of Mysore state. It is not much found outside India. In Mexico the wood oil is used in a similar fashion to rosewood, which contains similar constituents.
ACTIONS: Anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, bactericidal, deodorant, gentle tonic.
EXTRACTION: Essential oil by steam distillation from the 1. Wood, and 2. Seed and husk. (An essential oil is also occasionally produced from the leaves and twigs.)
CHARACTERISTICS: 1. A pale yellow liquid with a sweet-woody, floral scent, similar to rosewood. It blends well with rose, sandalwood, cedarwood, rosewood, frankincense, floral and woody fragrances. 2. A colourless liquid with a terpene-like odour, harsher than the wood oil.
PRINCIPAL CONSTITUENTS: 1. Mainly linalol, some linalyl acetate. 2. Mainly linalyl acetate, some linalol.
SAFETY DATA: Non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing.
AROMATHERAPY/HOME: USE
Skin care: Acne, cuts, dermatitis, wounds, etc., all skin types.
Nervous system: Nervous tension and stressrelated conditions.
OTHER USES: The wood oil is used in soaps, toiletries and perfumes. It is also used for the production of natural linalol, although this is increasingly being replaced by synthetic linalol.... linaloe
of leaves, narrow and more or less parallel-sided.... linear
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