Umbilical Hernia: From 2 Different Sources
A soft swelling at the umbilicus due to protrusion of the abdominal contents through a weak area of abdominal wall. Umbilical hernias are quite common in newborn babies and occur twice as often in boys as in girls. The swelling increases in size when the baby cries, and it may cause discomfort. Umbilical hernias usually disappear without treatment by age 2. If a hernia is still present at age 4, surgery may be needed.
Umbilical hernias sometimes develop in adults, especially in women after childbirth. Surgery may be necessary for a large, persistent, or disfiguring hernia.
see exomphalos.
The protrusion of an internal organ through a defect in the wall of the anatomical cavity in which it lies.... hernia
An upwards protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm wall. It is particularly common in women in their fourth and fifth decades.... hiatus hernia
An extrusion of the abdominal PERITONEUM, sometimes containing a loop of bowel, through natural openings in the region of either groin (see HERNIA).... inguinal hernia
The ?eshy tube containing two arteries and a vein through which the mother supplies the FETUS with oxygen and nutrients. The cord, which is up to 60 cm long, ceases to function after birth and is clamped and cut about 2·5 cm from the infant’s abdominal wall. The stump shrivels and falls o? within two weeks, leaving a scar which forms the UMBILICUS. (See also PREGNANCY AND LABOUR.)... umbilical cord
A type of hernia in which the intestine bulges through a scarred area of the abdominal wall because the muscle has been weakened by a previous surgical incision.... incisional hernia
A type of hernia that occurs in the groin area, where the femoral artery and femoral vein pass from the lower abdomen to the thigh.... femoral hernia
See disc prolapse.... herniated disc
(CDH) herniation of the fetal abdominal organs into the fetal chest, which occurs in one in 2000–5000 live births. This leads to pulmonary *hypoplasia, which is the main cause of the associated high neonatal mortality. The risk of pulmonary hypoplasia is substantially greater where there is herniation of the liver into the thoracic cavity. CDH is commonly associated with additional structural abnormalities (cardiac, neural tube defects, and exomphalos), and the risk of chromosomal abnormality (*aneuploidy) is 10–20%. Demonstration of a fluid-filled bowel at the level of the heart on ultrasound is diagnostic.... congenital diaphragmatic hernia
displacement of an intervertebral disc through a tear in the fibrous outer coat of the disc. See prolapsed intervertebral disc.... disc herniation
an inguinal *hernia that has an element of descent (‘slide’) of related structures alongside the sac.... hernia-en-glissade
an unusual hernia containing a Meckel’s *diverticulum. [A. Littre (1658–1726), French anatomist]... littre’s hernia
a rare hernia that contains two adjacent loops of intestine. The intra-abdominal section of intestine between the two loops within the hernia may become strangulated. [K. Maydl (1853-1903), Bohemian surgeon]... maydl hernia
a double sac comprising the sac of an indirect (external) and a direct (internal) inguinal *hernia on the same side.... pantaloon hernia
a hernia that contains only part of the circumference of the wall of the intestine. There is no intestinal obstruction, but necrosis of the affected section of bowel can develop rapidly. [A. G. Richter (1742–1812), German surgeon]... richter’s hernia
a hernia through the spigelian fascia, a sheath of fibrous tissue that runs along the outside edge of the *rectus abdominis muscle.... spigelian hernia
haemopoietic *stem cells collected from umbilical cord blood donated at birth, which can be stored indefinitely and used if a sibling or any other blood-compatible baby develops an illness (such as leukaemia) that could only be treated by cord-blood stem-cell transplantation. This facility is now available in the UK and the USA.... umbilical cord blood banked stem cells
an overgrowth of tissue during the healing process of the umbilicus (belly button). It is a moist fleshy red lump of tissue seen in some babies in the first few weeks of life after the umbilical cord remnant has dried and fallen off. It can sometimes be seen in adults after navel piercings. If left untreated, the granuloma can take months to resolve.... umbilical granuloma
Health Encyclopedia