Hor Health Dictionary

A chemical produced in the body by endocrine glands and carried in the blood to other organs where the hormone causes processes to change in the target organ. A chemical messenger.... hormone

A hormone produced by the anterior PITUITARY GLAND which stimulates the formation of follicles in the ovary each menstrual cycle (see OVARIES; MENSTRUATION) and of spermatocytes in the testis (see TESTICLE). It is under hypothalamic control (see HYPOTHALAMUS) and in the female there is feedback inhibition by oestrogens from the developing follicle.... follicle-stimulating hormone

A product of the anterior part of the PITUITARY GLAND that promotes normal growth and development in the body by changing the chemical activity in the cells. The hormone activates protein production in the muscle cells as well as the release of energy from the metabolism of fats. Its release is controlled by the contrasting actions of growth-hormone releasing factor and somatostatin. If the body produces too much growth hormone before puberty GIGANTISM results; in adulthood the result is ACROMEGALY. Lack of growth hormone in children retards growth.

For many years growth hormone was extracted from human corpses and very rarely this caused CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (CJD) in the recipients. The hormone is now genetically engineered, so safe.... growth hormone

See KIDNEYS, DISEASES OF.... horseshoe kidney

See Cola de caballo.... horsetail

Cochlearia armoracia. N.O. Cruciferae.

Habitat: Indigenous to England and Eastern Europe.

Features ? Root whitish, cylindrical, about one foot long by three-quarters of an inch through. Taste and odour pungent, irritant, mustard-like.

Part used ? Root.

Action: Stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic.

Used as a digestive. Its stimulant and diuretic properties are said to be of value in the treatment of dropsy, but it is rarely prescribed by modern herbalists.

Coffin recommends:

"Fresh Horseradish root, sliced 1 oz.

Mustard seeds, bruised 1/2 oz. Boiling water 1 pint

"Let it stand in a covered vessel for four hours, then strain. Dose, three tablespoonfuls three times a day. Diuretic and stimulant. Useful in dropsies, especially those occurring after scarlet fevers and

intermittents."... horseradish

(LH) This is a sugar-bearing protein manufactured by the anterior pituitary. Like a lot of the pituitary hormones, it surges on and off, since constant secretion would overload and deaden receptors. In women, it builds up after menses, stimulating the release of estrogen from the ovaries. Estrogen in turn stimulates the hypothalamus to increase its stimulation of LH from the pituitary, until, a day or two before ovulation, they produce a guitar-amp feedback, and the cells that produce LH start to surge follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The egg pops, being replaced by the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone for the next eleven to twelve days. Progesterone inhibits and lowers LH levels, as well as inhibiting levels of estrogen already being produced by the young follicles that will produce next month’s egg. In men, LH is responsible for stimulation of testosterone, although FSH and the testes hormone inhibin are responsible for both the production of sperm and controlling testosterone.... luteinizing hormone

Within a few years medical scientists have introduced into the domestic scene a steroid which has changed the whole course of female history. HRT has solved some basic medical problems by making good the loss of oestrogen in a woman’s body when menstruation is finished and her body learns to adjust.

A lack of oestrogen induces hot flushes, night sweats, thinning of the bones (osteoporosis) with possible fractures, and a wide range of physical and emotional disorders.

HRT also prevents the increased frequency of coronary disease which may follow the menopause. With oestrogen only, HRT appears to increase the incidence of cancer of the uterine body. Use of oestrogen and progestogen avoids this.

HRT is available as a tablet, transdermal patch, implant or topical cream. Most women notice temporary improvement in their appearance and hot flushes as long as treatment is continued. HRT is not prescribed by the herbal practitioner. Soya and Hops are a mild alternative.

Side-effects of such treatment include blood pressure rise, weight gain and periods probably continue with a monthly bleed. Elderly women taking HRT for osteoporosis may develop bleeding problems, the risk of blood clot and gall bladder diseases.

Helonias has proved a useful alternative, effective in eliminating excess fluids, reducing hot flushes, and relieving that bloated feeling, thus helping the older woman to live a normal life.

Damiana. 1 heaped teaspoon leaves to each cup boiling water; infuse 5-10 minutes; strain. 1 cup 2-3 times daily for 3-6 weeks.

Sarsaparilla. 1oz (30g) root in 1 pint (500ml) water; simmer gently 20 minutes; strain. 1 cup 2-3 times daily for 3-6 weeks.

Supplementation. Daily. Vitamin E, 400iu. Vitamin B-complex (high potency). Evening Primrose oil capsules, 500mg morning and evening. Dolomite, for Calcium and Magnesium, 2 tablets morning and evening.

Note: An extensive study of breast cancer risks with HRT revealed a positive link between the risk of cancer and length of use. Risk of the disease increased with all types of women using HRT with every year of use. Pre-menstrual women were more than twice at risk. It would appear that oestrogens cannot be taken without risk. (Centre for Disease Control, Atlanta, USA) See: OESTROGENS. ... hormone replacement therapy (hrt)

Marrubium vulgare. N.O. Labiateae.

Synonym: Hoarhound.

Habitat: Horehound flourishes in dry, and particularly chalky waste ground.

Features ? It grows to a height of one and a half to two feet. The bluntly four-cornered stem sends out spreading branches covered with white, woolly hair. The leaves, also spread with the soft hair, are egg-shaped and deeply toothed, the lower ones stalked, those above sessile. The small, white flowers appear during July in thick rings just above the upper leaves.

Part used ? The whole plant.

Action: Aromatic and bitter, having expectorant and slight diuretic action.

Horehound is probably the best known of all herbal pectoral remedies, and is undoubtedly effective in coughs, colds and pulmonary complaints. The whole herb is infused in 1 ounce quantities to 1 pint of water, and taken frequently in wineglass doses.

The refreshing and healthy Horehound Beer or Ale is brewed from this herb, and a Horehound candy is made which, when properly prepared, is one of the best of "cough sweets."

Coffin speaks highly of the tonic and expectorant qualities of Horehound, and its latter virtue has certainly been known for nearly three hundred years, as Culpeper tells us that "it helpeth to expectorate tough phlegm from the chest."... horehound

Money, Healing ... horse chestnut

These HORMONES control the development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics. They also regulate sex-related functions – for example, menstruation and the production of sperm and eggs. The three main types of sex hormone are androgens, or male sex hormones (see ANDROGEN); OESTROGENS, or female sex hormones; and progesterones, which are involved in pregnancy (see PROGESTERONE).... sex hormones

Ballota nigra. N.O. Labiateae.

Synonym: Crantz, Marrubium nigrum.

Habitat: Hedgerows, waste ground.

Features ? Stem stiff, erect, freely branched, up to four feet high. Leaves greyish-

green, upper ovate, lower cordate, in pairs, each pair pointing in opposite direction to next pair, crenate, hairy, stalked. Flowers (July and August) purplish, labiate, in rings just above leaves. Disagreeable odour.

Part used ? Herb.

Action: Stimulant, expectorant, diaphoretic, antispasmodic.

Coughs, colds and bronchial complaints generally. Hool prefers this herb to the white Horehound (Marrubium vulgare), and makes wide claims on its behalf. He recommends it in the treatment of consumption, various menstrual troubles, and parturition—in the last-named instance combined with Motherwort. "In chronic coughs, accompanied by spitting of blood," he tells us, "it will be found most excellent, either of itself or combined with other reliable remedies such as Lobelia, Marshmallow, Hyssop, etc."... horehound, black

These are ‘chemical messengers’ that are dispersed by the blood and act on target organs to produce effects distant from their point of release. The main organs involved in hormone production are the PITUITARY GLAND, PANCREAS, ovary (see OVARIES), testis (see TESTICLE), THYROID GLAND, and ADRENAL GLANDS. The release of many hormones is, ultimately, under the control of the central nervous system via a series of inhibiting and releasing factors from the HYPOTHALAMUS. Hormones are involved in maintaining homeostasis: for example, insulin regulates the concentration of glucose in the blood. They also participate in growth and maturation: for example, growth hormone promotes growth and helps to regulate fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism; and the sex hormones promote sexual maturation and reproduction. (See also ENDOCRINE GLANDS.)... hormones

(LH-RH) The same substance as Follicle-Stimulating-Hormone Releasing Hormone (FSH-RH), both of which are actually Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH or GRH). Confused? Imagine being an endocrinologist 20 years ago. These (This) are (is) a peptide secreted into the little portal system that drains from the hypothalamus to the pituitary. If it is surged hourly and not too strongly, the pituitary secretes LH and the ovaries secrete estrogen. If it is surged hourly and strongly, the estrogens rise drastically, the pituitary secretes FSH, you pop an egg, start the corpus luteum and begin progesterone secretion. The surge is now slowed to every four or five hours, not too strongly, and the pituitary secretes LH every four or five hours...and the ovaries make progesterone. The same hypothalamic hormone triggers different pituitary responses based on AMPLITUDE and FREQUENCY.... luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone

See ACTH.... adrenocorticotrophic hormone

See ADH.... antidiuretic hormone

The medical name for a stye.... hordeolum

A group of physical signs (narrowing of the eye pupil, drooping of the eyelid, and absence of sweating) affecting 1 side of the face that indicates damage to part of the sympathetic nervous system (see autonomic nervous system).... horner’s syndrome

ACTH is the commonly used abbreviation for CORTICOTROPIN.... acth (adrenocorticotrophic hormone)

See also CORTICOTROPIN. A hormone which is released into the body during stress. Made and stored in the anterior PITUITARY GLAND, ACTH regulates the production of corticosteroid hormones from the ADRENAL GLANDS, and is vital for the growth and maintenance of the adrenal cortical cells. Its production is in part controlled by the amount of HYDROCORTISONE in the blood and also by the HYPOTHALAMUS. ACTH participates in the FEEDBACK MECHANISM of hormone production and actions involving particularly the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The hormone is used to test adrenal function and treat conditions such as ASTHMA. (See also CUSHING’S SYNDROME.)... adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth)

See VASOPRESSIN.... antidiuretic hormone (adh)

Horsetail tea is made from the horsetail herb also named Equisetum arvense. Horsetail was used by ancient Romans and Greeks in medicine as an herbal remedy to stop bleeding, heal wounds and treat tuberculosis or kidney problems. This plant is actually a non-flowering weed that is found in some parts of Europe, Asia, the Middle East and North America. How to brew Horsetail Tea To brew a cup of horsetail tea, place 1-2 teaspoons of dried horsetail in a cup of boiled water. Then cover it and let it steep for about 10-15 minutes. When the time is up, strain thehorsetail tea into another cup and, depending on your taste preferences, sweeten it with some honey or sugar. Horsetail Tea benefits Horsetail tea has a lot of health benefits due to its high silica content that may help straighten bones, hair and nails, relieve bloating and fight fungal infections.  Also, horsetail tea:

• It is most commonly used as a diuretic since washes away the toxins, having a cleansing effect to the kidneys.
• Strengthens your lungs thanks to its main component - silica acid helps strengthen the walls of the air sacs in the lungs.
• Promotes healthy hair. You can add 4 oz. of cooled horsetail tea into your shampoo or you can use the tea as a hair rinse.
• Reduces swellings and gets rid of water retention.
• Treats urinary infections.
• Helps healing and treating burns and wounds thanks to its anti-inflammatory properties.

Horsetail Tea side effects Even though this tea has a lot of benefits, over consumption may lead to certain side effects. Try not to drink more than 2 cups of horsetail tea a day.

• Pregnant or breastfeeding women are advised not to drink horsetail tea.
• If you have kidney stones, try to stay away from this tea.
• You can experience nausea, muscle weakness, fever or certain skin problems if you drink too much horsetail tea.
• Before you start drinking horsetail tea, make sure you don’t have theamine deficiency or weak heart. In case you do, do not drink this tea.

Horsetail tea makes an excellent choice of drink since it has a lot of medical properties and therefore many benefits. Avoid over consumption and enjoy a healthy cup of tea!... discover more about horsetail tea

See OESTRADIOL.... follicular hormone

(English) Feminine form of Horace; the keeper of time Horacia, Horacya, Horatya, Horatiah, Hora, Horada, Horae... horatia

(Hebrew) One who is dedicated to God

Horema, Horemah, Horym, Horyma... horem

(Japanese) Woman of the gardens Horiyah, Horya, Horyah... horiya

Merging of two or more firms at the same level of production in some formal, legal relationship. In hospital networks, this may refer to the grouping of several hospitals, the grouping of outpatient clinics with the hospital, or a geographic network of various health care services. Integrated systems seek to integrate both vertically with some organizations and horizontally with others. See “vertical integration”.... horizontal integration

See under MENOPAUSE.... hormone replacement therapy(hrt)

This is the description given to a combination of changes resulting from paralysis of the sympathetic nerve in the neck. They are: a small pupil; a drooping upper lid; and an apparently (though not actually) sunken eye.... horner’s syndrome

(Hebrew) Of the two caverns Horonaima, Horonama, Horonayma, Horonayme, Horonaem, Horonaema... horonaim

Linn.

Family: Gramineae; Poaceae.

Habitat: Cultivated as food crop in Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.

English: Barley

Ayurvedic: Yava, Hayeshtha, Hayapriya, Shuka-dhaanya, Tiksh- nashuka.

Unani: Barley, Jao Shaeer.

Siddha: Yavam. Saambaluppu (ash).

Action: Barley—nutritive and demulcent during convalescence and in cases of bowel inflammation and diarrhoea. Protects immune system.

The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia ofIn- dia recommends barley in urinary disorders, muscular rigidity, chronic sinusitis, cough, asthma, lipid disorder and obesity.

Juice of young barley leaves—7 times richer in vitamin C than oranges, 5 times richer in iron than spinach, 25 times richer in potassium than wheat; high in SOD (superoxide dismutase), an enzyme that slows ageing of cells.

The nutritional quality of the barley depends on beta-glucan fraction of the grain. Beta-glucan-enriched fraction produced cholesterol-lowering effect in hamsters.

Naked barley extracts have been found to selectively inhibit cyclohex- anase activity and may be useful as a therapeutic drug for treating thrombosis and atherosclerosis.

Ethanol extract of young green leaves exhibits antioxidant activity attributed to a flavonoid, 2"-O-glucosyl- isovitexin. It also exhibits antiinflammatory and antiallergic activities. The leaves contain an indole alkaloid, gramine, which exhibits antibacterial properties.

Dosage: Dried fruit—100-200 g. (API Vol. II); dried plant—10-20 g. (API Vol. IV.)... hordeum vulgare

Horehound Tea is popular for being effective in treating respiratory problems, having antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, expectorant, diaphoretic and diuretic properties. Horehound is a perennial herb that grows in places like meadows, pastures, railroad tracks in the United States, Canada and Europe. Horehound can be recognized by its wrinkled leaves. The main constituents of horehound tea include flavonoids, marrubin, caffeine, resin, tannins, fat and sugar. How To Make Horehound Tea To brew Horehound Tea, place about 2 teaspoons of horehound tea in boiling water. After that, let the mix steep for about 10-15 minutes. Having a bitter taste, the tea can be flavored with lemon juice and sweetened with molasses. Horehound Tea Benefits

• Horehound Tea helps fighting respiratory disorders such as cough or asthma.
• Calms headaches caused by sinus infection.
• Relieves pain caused by cough or indigestion.
• Fights sore throat.

Horehound Tea Side Effects

• Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid drinking Horehound Tea.
• Black Horehound Tea contains certain chemicals that may affect treatment for Parkinson`s disease.
• Horehound Tea may interact with the effects of some medications, so avoid drinking this tea without medical advice.

Horehound Tea is a wonderful tea with many health benefits. Just try not to experience its side effects and enjoy its amazing benefits!... horehound tea

(Latin) Woman of the garden Hartencia, Hartinsia, Hortencia, Hortense, Hortenspa, Hortenxia, Hortinzia, Hortendana, Hortendanna, Hortendane... hortensia

A hormone secreted by the anterior PITUITARY GLAND which stimulates OVULATION, maturation of the CORPUS LUTEUM, and the synthesis of progesterone by the ovary (see OVARIES) and testosterone by the testis (see TESTICLE).... luteinising hormone

A natural hormone released by the HYPOTHALAMUS gland in the BRAIN. It stimulates the release of GONADOTROPHINS from the PITUITARY GLAND; these control the production of the sex hormones (see ANDROGEN; OESTROGENS).... luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (lhrh)

A hormone (see HORMONES) produced and released by the HYPOTHALAMUS which stimulates the release of THYROTROPHINSTIMULATING HORMONE (TSH) by the PITUITARY GLAND.... thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (trh)

Horse Chestnut tea has been known for many years due to its astringent, anti-inflammatory, expectorant and tonic properties. It grows in the Balkan areas and in Western Asia and can reach a height of 100 feet. The leaves of horse chestnut tree are 12 inches long and the buds are large and sticky. Most of the health benefits derive from the tree’s bark and leaves. The bark contains coumarins, aesculetin, fraxin, quercetin, sterols, tannins and saponins. The leaves are full of coumadins, aesculin, scopolin, fraxin, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol and rutin. How To Make Horse Chestnut Tea You can make horse chestnut tea either from the bark or leaves. To brew horse chestnut tea from the bark, you need to boil for about 5-10 minutes a tablespoon of tea in a kettle of water. To make horse chestnut tea from the leaves, place about a fistful of leaves into a cup of boiled water and let it steep for about 7 - 10 minutes. The nut of horse chestnut can only be used for external applications, since they could be poisonous otherwise! Horse Chestnut Tea Benefits The nuts have the following benefits:

• Strengthens varicose veins.
• Can help treat hemorrhoids.
• Helps treating arthritis and rheumatic pains.
• Helpful in treating various skin conditions such as: rashes, eczema or burns.

The leaves include the following benefits:

• Provides relaxation and a restful sleep.
• May help treat dysentery.
• Alleviates fever and malaria.
• Relieves menstrual cramps.

Horse Chestnut Tea Side Effects

• Horse chestnut flower can cause allergic reactions.
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid drinking Horse Chestnut Tea.
• Horse Chestnut Tea may lower blood sugar levels, so avoid drinking this tea if you suffer from diabetes.
• Don’t drink horse chestnut tea if you have bowel or stomach disorders.
• If you have a liver condition, avoid drinking horse chestnut.
• Avoid drinking Horse Chestnut Tea if you suffer from kidney problems.

All in all, Horse Chestnut Tea is a healthy tea with many health benefits! Enjoy drinking and try to not experience any of its side effects.... horse chestnut tea

A hormone (see HORMONES) manufactured and released by the anterior part of the PITUITARY GLAND which stimulates the THYROID GLAND to manufacture and release thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRI-IODOTHYRONINE).... thyrotrophin-stimulating hormone (tsh)

Cough Mixture. Active ingredients: Each 10ml contains Liquid Extract Pleurisy root (1:1, 35 per cent alcohol) 0.15ml. Liquid Extract Elecampane (1:1, 21 per cent alcohol) 0.15ml. Liquid Extract Horehound (1:1, 20 per cent alcohol) 0.15ml. Liquid Extract Skunk Cabbage (1:1, 21 per cent alcohol) 0.15ml. Tincture Lobelia (1:12.5, 5.8 acetic acid) 0.225ml, in a syrup base.

Adults and elderly: two 5ml teaspoons thrice daily. Children over 5: one 5ml teaspoon thrice daily.

Expectorant and demulcent to soothe irritable cough. (Potter’s, UK) ... horehound and aniseed

To promote production of hormones of the male and female sex organs (androgens and oestrogens), hormones of the adrenal cortex, pituitary, thyroid and other glands. Agnus Castus, Beth root, Black Cohosh, Blue Cohosh, Damiana, Helonias, Hydrangea, Kelp (Fucus v.), Liquorice, Oats, Sarsaparilla, Saw Palmetto, Squaw Vine. ... hormonal herbs

Moringa pterygosperma

Description: This tree grows from 4.5 to 14 meters tall. Its leaves have a fernlike appearance. Its flowers and long, pendulous fruits grow on the ends of the branches. Its fruit (pod) looks like a giant bean. Its 25-to 60-centimeter-long pods are triangular in cross section, with strong ribs. Its roots have a pungent odor.

Habitat and Distribution: This tree is found in the rain forests and semievergreen seasonal forests of the tropical regions. It is widespread in India, Southeast Asia, Africa, and Central America. Look for it in abandoned fields and gardens and at the edges of forests.

Edible Parts: The leaves are edible raw or cooked, depending on their hardness. Cut the young seedpods into short lengths and cook them like string beans or fry them. You can get oil for frying by boiling the young fruits of palms and skimming the oil off the surface of the water. You can eat the flowers as part of a salad. You can chew fresh, young seedpods to eat the pulpy and soft seeds. The roots may be ground as a substitute for seasoning similar to horseradish.... horseradish tree

Linn. f.

Family: Bignoniaceae.

Habitat: Cultivated throughout India.

English: Indian Cork tree.

Siddha/Tamil: Maramalli.

Folk: Aakaasha Neem, Neem- Chameli.

Action: Bark—antipyretic. Flowers—used for asthma and sinusitis.

The butanol soluble fraction from aqueous extract of flowers showed bronchial smooth muscle relaxant property. Hispidulin, isolated from the flowers, is reported to exhibit bron- chodilatory and antiphlogistic activities. Hispidulin is found to be more potent than aminophyllin and less toxic than the crude extract. gallic acid. The aerial parts of the plant contain C-glycosylflavones, 2"- O-rhamnosylorientin and 2"-O- rhamnosylisoorientin.

Dosage: Whole plant, root—10- 20 ml juice; 50-100 ml decoction. (CCRAS.) Whole plant—10-20 g for decoction. (API, Vol. II.)... millingtonia hortensis

Linn.

Family: Labiatae; Lamiaceae.

Habitat: Native to Mediterranean region; found in Kashmir.

English: Summer Savory. Winter Savory is equated with S. montana L.

Action: Flowering top—carminative, digestive, laxative, stomachic, diuretic, sudorific and vermifuge. Used in flatulent colic and menstrual suppression. A tea (of leaves) is given as a carminative and expectorant. Essential oil—antibacterial, antifungal, spasmolytic.

The plant gave fluorine, labiatic acid, ursolic acid and beta-sitosterol. Labi- atic acid is antioxidant. The volatile oil consists mainly of carvacrol with p- cymene, beta-pinene, beta-phellandre- ne, limonene and borneol.

The volatile oil of S. montana contains carvacrol, p-cymene and thymol with alpha-and beta-pinene, cineole and borneol.... satureja hortensis

The use by women of synthetic progestogen drugs, which are often combined with synthetic oestrogens, to prevent pregnancy.

These drugs suppress ovulation and make cervical mucus thick and impenetrable to sperm.

They also cause thinning of the endometrium (lining of the uterus), which reduces the chance of a fertilized egg implanting successfully.

The best-known form of hormonal contraception is the contraceptive pill (see oral contraceptives).

The hormones can also be given as contraceptive implants under the skin, by injection (see contraceptives, injectable), or be released by IUDs.... contraception, hormonal methods of

A group of hormones produced by the adrenal glands that control the body’s use of nutrients and the excretion of salts and water in the urine.... corticosteroid hormones

These are fats similar to, and usually synthesized from, cholesterol, starting with Acetyl-CoA, moving through squalene, past lanosterol, into cholesterol, and, in the gonads and adrenal cortex, back to a number of steroid hormones. Nearly all of the classic hormones are proteins or smaller peptides; they don’t get inside a cell (the membrane keeps them out); instead, they bind to, and initiate, cell changes from the outside. The exceptions are the thyroxines (from the thyroid) and the steroid hormones. They move into the cell, bind with receptors, and initiate changes in the way a cell regenerates itself or synthesizes new compounds. Because the steroid hormones stimulate cell growth, either by changing the internal structure or increasing the rate of proliferation, they are often called anabolic steroids. Estrogen, an ovarian steroid, when secreted into the bloodstream, will be bound within a short time by internal receptors inside those cells that need estrogen for their growth; the unused portion is partially broken down, mostly in the liver, and partially stored in a less active form by adipose tissue. Since luteinizing hormone from the pituitary is surged in pulses an hour apart, the estrogen is also surged from the reacting ovaries, and by the time more estrogen is available, the binding cells need more; their program of synthesis has run out and needs to be started again. Of course, most steroid hormone reactions are less measured than this, but you get the idea.... steroid hormone

 Marrubium vulgare L. German: Maurerandorn. French: Marrube blanc. Spanish: Marrubio. Italian: Marrobio bianco. Dutch: Gemeene malrove. Flowering tops and leaves. Keynote: chest.

Constituents: Marrubiin, volatile oil, tannins, alkaloids, diterpene alcohols.

Action: stimulating expectorant, mild antispasmodic, sedative, amphoteric, vulnerary, diuretic, stomach and liver bitter tonic.

Uses: Chronic bronchitis, whooping cough, hard cough with little phlegm, common cold, loss of voice, snake bite, dog bite. Chronic gall bladder disease, fevers, malaria, hepatitis, “Yellowness of the eyes”. Combinations. Teas. (1) with Coltsfoot and Hyssop (equal parts) for hard cough. (2) with Lobelia and Iceland Moss for chronic chest complaints.

Preparations: Thrice daily.

Tea. 1 teaspoon to each cup boiling water; infuse 15 minutes. Dose: half-1 cup. Liquid extract BHC Vol 1. 1:1, 20 per cent ethanol. Dose: 1-2ml.

Tincture BHC Vol 1. 1:5, 25 per cent ethanol. Dose: 3-6ml.

Horehound ale: wholesome beverage.

Horehound, Hyssop and Honey Mixture.

Traditional English syrup.

Note: Horehound, Horseradish, Coriander, Lettuce and Nettles are the five bitter herbs eaten by the Jews at their Passover feast according to the Old Testament. ... horehound, white

A group of hormones released from specialized cells in the stomach, pancreas, and intestine that control various functions of the digestive organs. Gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin are the best known of these hormones.... gastrointestinal hormones

Hormones that stimulate cell activity in the ovaries and testes. Gonadotrophins are essential for fertility. The two most important gonadotrophins are follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are secreted by the pituitary gland. Another gonadotrophin, HCG (see gonadotrophin, human chorionic), is produced by the placenta during pregnancy. Certain gonadotrophins are used as drugs in the treatment of infertility.... gonadotrophin hormones

Conditions caused by malfunction of an endocrine gland.... hormonal disorders

A drug that blocks the action of a hormone.... hormone antagonist

A hard, noncancerous protrusion occasionally found on the skin of elderly people and caused by an overgrowth of keratin.... horn, cutaneous

Cochlearia armoracia L. Armoracia rusticana, Gaertn. Part used: root.

Constituents: asparagine, B vitamins, Vitamin C, sinigrin and other glucosinolates, resin.

Action: efficient alternative to Cayenne pepper, Diuretic, urinary antispetic, diaphoretic, carminative; liver, spleen and pancreatic stimulant. Bacteriostatic action on Gram-negative bacilli. (Rudat K.D. (1957) Journal Hyg. Epidem. Microbiol. Immunol. Prague 1213)

To raise vital force in the elderly. Antibiotic. Circulatory stimulant with warming effect. Digestive aid. Anti-thyroid.

Uses: Feeble circulation, hypothermia, hyperthyroidism, frostbite, chilblains, absence of stomach acid in the elderly, dropsy following fevers, proteinuria (albuminuria), to arrest vaginal discharge. Hoarseness (1 teaspoon juice in honey). Rheumatic joints (poultice). Common cold, influenza and early stages of fever: cup of Horse Radish tea every 2-3 hours. Combine with Juniper berries (equal parts) for dropsy and kidney stone. Purulent wounds: cold decoction used as a lotion.

Preparations: Average dose: 1-2 grams; thrice daily.

Tea: 1 teaspoon grated fresh root in each cup boiling water; infuse 20 minutes. Half-1 cup in sips, freely. Horse Radish vinegar. 1oz scraped fresh root to 1 pint cider vinegar. 1-2 teaspoons in water for catarrh, sinusitis, poor circulation or as a male tonic.

Steeping slices of the fresh root in cider produces a copious discharge of urine in dropsy.

Tablets, Blackmore’s Labs: Horse Radish powder 350mg; Dolomite 140mg; Gum Acacia 20mg; Magnesium stearate 10mg.

Diet: Mayonnaise: whip double cream until stiff and fold in fresh grated root, flaked almonds, lemon juice and seasoning, with a little Paprika.

Note: One of the five bitter herbs eaten by the Jews during the Passover Festival. ... horse radish

A group of hormones that are essential for normal female sexual development and healthy functioning of the reproductive system.

In women, they are produced mainly in the ovaries and also in the placenta in pregnancy.

Small amounts are produced in the adrenal glands in both men and women, but oestrogens have no known specific function in men.

When levels are low, oestrogen hormones can be replaced with oestrogen drugs.... oestrogen hormones

A female sex hormone essential for the functioning of the female reproductive system.

Progesterone is made in the ovaries, and small amounts are produced by the adrenal glands and testes.

During the menstrual cycle, changing progesterone levels cause thickening of the endometrium and menstruation.

If pregnancy occurs, progesterone is produced by the placenta; a fall in its level helps to initiate labour.

Progesterone also causes increased fat deposition and increased sebum production by glands in the skin.... progesterone hormone

see Müllerian duct.... anti-müllerian hormone

(CRH) a peptide hypothalamic hormone (of 41 amino acids) stimulating the release of *ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) from the anterior pituitary. Its own release is suppressed by a *negative feedback loop involving cortisol, and its action is increased by antidiuretic hormone (see vasopressin) and *angiotensin II. It can be administered intravenously as part of the CRH test, during which blood is analysed at 15-minute intervals for one hour for the ACTH response, which is excessive in cases of primary adrenal failure and suppressed in cases of anterior *hypopituitarism.... corticotrophin-releasing hormone

a hormone produced by cells that do not usually produce it. Some tumour cells secrete hormones; for example, small-cell lung cancer cells secrete antidiuretic hormone and cause *hyponatraemia.... ectopic hormone

(GnRH, gonadorelin) a peptide hormone produced in the hypothalamus and transported via the bloodstream to the pituitary gland, where it controls the synthesis and release of pituitary *gonadotrophins. It may be used to test the ability of the pituitary to produce gonadotrophins. *Gonadorelin analogues are used to treat endometriosis, fibroids, some types of infertility, and prostate cancer.... gonadotrophin-releasing hormone

the spread of an infectious agent from one person or group to another, usually through contact with contaminated material, such as sputum or faeces. Compare vertical transmission.... horizontal transmission

a family of plasma proteins whose function is to bind free hormone molecules to varying degrees and thus reduce their function. Alterations in levels of the binding globulins, for example during pregnancy or ill health, can result in variations in assays of hormone levels in individuals. Examples include thyroid-binding globulin, sex-hormone-binding globulin, and corticosteroid-binding globulin.... hormone-binding globulins

n. (in anatomy) a process, outgrowth, or extension of an organ or other structure. It is often paired. In the spinal cord crescent-shaped areas of grey matter (seen in cross section) are known as the dorsal and ventral horns.... horn

see luteinizing hormone.... interstitial-cell-stimulating hormone

see prolactin.... lactogenic hormone

(luteotrophin) see prolactin.... luteotrophic hormone

(MSH) a peptide hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. In humans it stimulates production and dispersal of melanin in the melanocytes. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (?-MSH), which is released by neurons in the hypothalamus, suppresses appetite and regulates energy balance. It also stimulates sexual activity and is involved in regulation of heart rate and blood pressure.... melanocyte-stimulating hormone

(parathormone) a hormone, synthesized and released by the parathyroid glands, that controls the distribution of calcium and phosphate in the body. A high level of the hormone causes transfer of calcium from the bones to the blood; a deficiency lowers blood calcium levels, causing *tetany. This condition may be treated by injections of calcium gluconate. Compare calcitonin.

Recombinant parathyroid hormone (Preotact) is given by subcutaneous injection to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis.... parathyroid hormone

(PTH-RP) a protein that is secreted by certain malignant tumours and is the main cause of malignant *hypercalcaemia. PTH-RP, which has effects similar to *parathyroid hormone, stimulates generalized bone resorption and excessive calcium reabsorption in the kidney tubules. It is most commonly produced by lung tumours, squamous-cell carcinomas of other organs, melanomas, and tumours of the breast, liver, pancreas, bladder, and prostate.... parathyroid hormone-related protein

any steroid hormone, produced mainly by the ovaries or testes, that is responsible for controlling sexual development and reproductive function. *Oestrogens and *progesterone are the female sex hormones; *androgens are the male sex hormones.... sex hormone

(SIADH) a condition of inappropriately high plasma levels of ADH (see vasopressin) with associated water retention, dilutional *hyponatraemia, and the production of highly concentrated urine. Renal, adrenal, thyroid, and hepatic function are normal, as is the volume of circulating blood (euvolaemia). It is caused by a variety of pathological conditions, usually intrathoracic and intracerebral, and also by a number of drugs, including antidepressants, chemotherapy agents, and some of the older antidiabetic agents. The treatment involves fluid restriction, treatment (or removal) of the underlying cause (or drug), and, in severe cases, administration of *demeclocycline to reduce the effects of ADH on the kidney. Very rarely, hypertonic saline is given.... syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone

an iodine-containing substance, synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland, that is essential for normal metabolic processes and mental and physical development. There are two thyroid hormones, *triiodothyronine and *thyroxine, which are formed from *thyroglobulin. Lack of these hormones gives rise to *cretinism in infants and *myxoedema in adults. Excessive production of thyroid hormones gives rise to *thyrotoxicosis.... thyroid hormone

(TSH, thyrotrophin) a hormone, synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland under the control of *thyrotrophin-releasing hormone, that stimulates activity of the thyroid gland. Raised levels of TSH are found in primary *hypothyroidism. Normal or low TSH levels in the presence of a low serum thyroxine are found in secondary hypothyroidism and the *euthyroid sick syndrome.... thyroid-stimulating hormone

(TRH) a hormone from the hypothalamus (in the brain) that acts on the anterior pituitary gland to stimulate the release of *thyroid-stimulating hormone. A preparation of TRH (protirelin) may be given by intravenous injection to test thyroid gland function and to estimate reserves of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the pituitary.... thyrotrophin-releasing hormone