False rib Health Dictionary

Also known as tribavirin, this drug inhibits a wide variety of DNA and RNA viruses. It is administered by inhalation to treat severe BRONCHIOLITIS caused by RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (RSV), particularly in infants who also have congenital heart disease. It is not used in uncomplicated bronchiolitis as its bene?ts are arguable in that circumstance: the babies are likely to recover without treatment.

Ribavarin, along with INTERFERON alpha-2b, is given orally to treat patients with chronic HEPATITIS C infection. It is also used to treat LASSA FEVER.... ribavirin

A negative test result for a condition that is, in fact, present.... false negative

A positive test result for a condition that is not, in fact, present.... false positive

See RNA.... ribonucleic acid

Granules either found free within the cell, or attached to a reticular network within the cell’s endoplasm (the inner part of a cell’s cytoplasm

– see CELLS). Consisting of approximately 65 per cent RNA and 35 per cent PROTEIN, they are the sites where protein is made.... ribosome

Sections of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) – the principal molecule in a cell carrying genetic information – that act as enzymes (see ENZYME). The function of a ribozyme is to transform the messages encoded in DNA into proteins (see PROTEIN), using its property of catalysing chemical reactions in a cell. Most ribozymes act only on other pieces of ribonucleic acid (RNA), editing the messenger type that carries instructions to the parts of the cell that makes proteins. This editing ability is being used by scientists researching ways of correcting faulty GENES which can cause inherited disorders. The aim is to persuade the ribozyme to inhibit the messenger RNA to prevent production of the faulty gene. Ribozymes might also be used to disrupt infectious agents, such as viruses, which rely on RNA to invade body cells.... ribozyme

The chemical name of vitamin B2 (see vitamin B complex).... riboflavin

Burm. f.

Family: Myrsinaceae.

Habitat: Throughout India.

English: Embelia.

Ayurvedic: Vidanga, Krmighna, Krmihara, Krmiripu, Chitratandula, Jantughna, Jantunaashana, Vella, Amogha.

Unani: Baobarang, Barang Kaabuli.

Siddha/Tamil: Vaayuvidangam.

Action: Ascaricidal, anthelmintic, carminative, diuretic, astringent, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, febrifuge. Used in diseases of chest and skin. Active principles are found to be oestrogenic and weakly progestogenic. Root—bechic, antidiarrhoeal. Seed—spermicidal, oxytocic, diuretic. The plant is also used for its blood purifying properties. It is an ingredient in cough syrups, preparations for anaemia, genitourinary tract infections, diarrhoea and diseases of the liver.

Embelin, isolated from the berries, shows significant anti-implantation and post-coital antifertility activity. (Successful trials have been carried out at the National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi on human beings.) It is found to be a potential male antifer- tility agent. Spermatogenesis has been impaired and sperm count reduced to the level of infertility. The antisper- matogenic changes are found to be reversible without any toxic effects.

Aqueous and EtOH extract of the fruit—anthelmintic against earthworms. Fruit powder (200 mg/kg), taken with curd on empty stomach, expelled tapeworm within 6-24 h. The treatment was also found effective in giardiasis. EtOH (50%) of the plant was found slightly active against E.coli. Di-salts of embelin—an- thelmintic. Amino salts exhibited less side effects than embelin. The effect of di-isobutyl amino derivatives lasted up to 10 h, also showed anti-inflammatory, hypotensive and antipyretic activities.

Berries gave quinones—embelin, ra- panone, homoembelin, homorapnone and vilangin.

Dosage: Fruit—5-10 g powder. (API Vol. I.)... embelia ribes

Ternidens deminuus, an intestinal nematode of monkeys in the Old World tropics and recorded from humans in Southern Africa and Mauritius. One of the nodular worms.... false hookworm

See REPRESSED MEMORY THERAPY.... false-memory syndrome

Linn.

Family: Grossulariaceae.

Habitat: Cold temperate regions extending from Himalayas to northern Asia and Europe.

English: European Black Currant.

Folk: Nabar.

Action: Dried leaves and twigs— a home remedy for coughs. Leaves—diuretic, hypotensive, refrigerant. An infusion is used for inflammatory conditions, sore throat, hoarseness. Fruits— refrigerant, mildly spasmolytic, vasoprotective, anti-inflammatory.

Black currents are very rich in vitamin C (average 150 mg/100g) and contain 0.9-1.7% pectin as calcium pec- tate, also minerals, potassium (372 mg/ 100 g). The acidity of the fruit is mainly due to citric acid; malic acid is present in small amounts. Glucose and fructose are principal sugars; sucrose is a minor component.

The flavonoids in the fruits include kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin. About 0.3% anthocyanosides, concentrated mainly in the skin, consist of glycosides of cyanidol and delphinidol.

The anthocyanosides are reportedly bacteriostatic and exhibit vasopro- tective and anti-inflammatory activity. They are antisecretory against cholera toxin-induced intestinal fluid secretion in vitro.

The leaves contain an anti-inflammatory principle, pycnometol and minute quantities of an essential oil composed mostly of terpenes.

Polyphenolic extract of buds inhibited lipid peroxidation by rat liver mi- crosomes.

Polyphenols present in R. nigrum and R. rubrum (Red Current, Western Himalayas from Kumaon to Kashmir) exhibit free radical scavenging activity. The seed oil lowers VLDL and total cholesterol.

Contraindicated in bleeding disorders. (Sharon M. Herr.)... ribes nigrum

(Hebrew) A fruitful woman; giver of life

Ribla, Ryblah, Rybla, Riblia, Rybliah, Ribliah, Ribliya, Ribliyah... riblah

The British Pharmacopoeia name for what used to be known as vitamin B2. The minimal daily requirement for an adult is 1·5–3 mg, but is greater during pregnancy and lactation. De?ciency in the diet is thought to cause in?ammation of the substance of the cornea (see EYE), sores on the lips, especially at the angles of the mouth (CHEILOSIS), and DERMATITIS. (See APPENDIX 5: VITAMINS.)... riboflavin

See denture.... false teeth

The bones, 12 on each side, which enclose the cavity of the chest. The upper seven are joined to the breast-bone by their costal cartilages and are therefore known as true ribs. The lower ?ve do not reach the breast-bone, and are therefore known as false ribs. Of the latter, the eighth, ninth and tenth are joined by their costal cartilages, each one to the rib immediately above it, while the 11th and 12th are free from any such connection and are therefore known as ?oating ribs. Each rib has a head, by which it is joined to the upper part of the body of the vertebra with which it corresponds, as well as to the vertebra immediately above. The greater part of the bone is made up of the shaft, which runs at ?rst outwards and at the angle turns sharply forwards. On the lower margin of the shaft is a groove, which lodges the corresponding intercostal artery and nerve.... ribs

An uncommon psychological disorder, medically known as pseudocyesis, in which a woman has physical signs of pregnancy, including morning sickness, amenorrhoea (absence of periods), enlarged breasts, and abdominal swelling, but is not pregnant. The woman is convinced that she is pregnant. Treatment for false pregnancy

may involve counselling or psychotherapy. (See also conversion disorder.)... pregnancy, false

see pseudocyesis.... false pregnancy

n. an enzyme, located in the *lysosomes of cells, that splits RNA at specific places in the molecule.... ribonuclease

n. a pentose sugar (i.e. one with free carbon atoms) that is a component of *RNA and several coenzymes. Ribose is also involved in intracellular metabolism.... ribose