When fatty deposits occur in various parts of the body – skin, brain, cornea, internal organs and tendons – the condition is called xanthomatosis. Treatment is of the underlying conditions, an important aim being to lower the concentrations of fats in the body.
Xanthomata have a variety of manifestations which may point to the underlying cause. These include:
Eruptive Eruptive yellow papules on the buttocks.
Plane Yellow plaques or macules in the skin.
Tuberous Nodules on the elbows or knees.
Tendinous Subcutaneous nodules ?xed to tendons, particularly those on the back of the ?ngers and the ACHILLES TENDON.... xanthoma
Treatment aims to lower the levels of fats in the blood by means of a diet that is low in cholesterol and high in polyunsaturated fat, and by drug treatment.... xanthomatosis
Excessive use of xylometazoline may cause headache, palpitations, or drowsiness. Long-term use of the drug may cause nasal congestion to worsen when treatment is stopped.
yawning An involuntary act, or reflex action, usually associated with drowsiness or boredom. The mouth is opened wide and a slow, deep breath is taken through it in order to draw air into the lungs. The air is then slowly released. Yawning is accompanied by a momentary increase in the heart-rate, and, in many cases, watering of the eyes.
The purpose of yawning is unknown, but one theory suggests it is triggered by raised levels of carbon dioxide in the blood; thus, its purpose could be to reduce the level of carbon dioxide and increase that of oxygen in the blood.... xylometazoline
Habitat: The lower hill forests of Eastern Himalayas, Peninsular India, Orissa, Maharashtra and the Andamans.
English: Egg tree.Ayurvedic: Tamaal (var.), Vrk- shaamla (var.).Siddha/Tamil: Kulavi, Malaippachai, Mukki, TamalamFolk: Amsul (Maharashtra).Action: Fruit—anthelmintic, improves appetite. Also used as a car- diotonic. Fruit gave xanthochymol and isoxanthymol (polyprenylat- ed benzophenone derivatives), flavones and xanthones.... garcinia xanthochymus
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... medical dictionaryHabitat: Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu.
English: Padri tree.Siddha/Tamil: Vedanguruni, Pathiri.Folk: Paadiri. Kharsing, Kadashing, Bairsinge (Maharashtra).Action: Plant—antiseptic. Resin— used for the treatment of skin diseases. Rootbark—bitter, astringent; used as substitute for Stereospermumpersonatum (Hassk.) D. Chatterjee and S. suaveolens DC. (Trumpet-Flower, Yellow Snake tree, also known as Padri).
The leaves gave flavonoids, dinatin and its glycoside. Roots yielded O- acetyl oleanolic acid, stigmasterol and a red pigment, radermachol.... radermachera xylocarpaHabitat: Throughout India.
English: Wild Eggplant, Yellow- Berried Nightshade.Ayurvedic: Kantakaari, Kan- takaarikaa, Vyaaghri, Nidigdhikaa, Nidigdhaa, Duhsparshaa, Dhaa- vani, Kshudraa, Keteri (Smallar var.), Bhatakataiyaa. Used as Lakshmanaa.Unani: Kataai Khurd, Hadaq.Action: Stimulant, expectorant, diuretic, laxative, febrifuge. Used in the treatment of cough, bronchitis, asthma, for dislodging tenacious phlegm; also used against rheumatism, enlargement of liver and spleen, vomiting, difficult urination, bladder stones, skin diseases. Fruit—used as an adjuvant for promoting conception.
Fruits gave solasonine, solamargine, beta-solamargine and solasodine; petals yielded apigenin; stamens gave quercetin diglycoside and sitosterol. The glycoalkaloid content of fruits collected from Jammu and Kashmir is reported to be 3.5% (total alkaloids, 1.1%). The presence of diosgenin in the plant has been reported.Both glycoalkaloid and fatty acid fractions of the plants extracts cause liberation of histamine from chopped lung tissue. The beneficial effect of the drug on bronchial asthma may be attributed to the depletion of histamine from bronchial and lung tissue.Dosage: Whole plant—20-30 g for decoction. (API, Vol. I.)... solanum xanthocarpumXalvadorah, Xalbadora, Xalbadorah, Xalvadoria, Xalbadoria... xalvadora
Xarah, Xarra, Xarya, Xarie, Xarri, Xarrie, Xarry, Xari, Xary, Xaria, Xarria... xara
Xaviere, Xavierra, Xavierre, Xavyera, Xavyere, Xiveria, Xavia, Xavaeir, Xaviar, Xaviara, Xavior, Xaviero, Xavian, Xavyer, Xavery, Xaver, Xavon, Xabier, Xzavier, Xxavier, Xizavier, Xevera, Xeveria... xaviera
Habitat: Tropical India.
English: Cocklebur, Burweed.Ayurvedic: Shankheshwara, Arishta, Aartagala.Siddha/Tamil: Maruloomatham, Marlumutta.Folk: Bana-okraa.Action: Plant—used for leucoderma, ulcers, abscesses, strumous and malignant diseases.
Root—antitumour. Leaves and shoots—applied externally on venereal sores, herpes and scrofula.Leaves contain seaquiterpene lac- tones—xanthinin, xanthumin, xan- thanol and iso-xanthanol. Leaves also contain isohexacosane, chlorobu- tanol, stearyl alcohol, beta-sitosterol and palmitic acid. A highly toxic compound, carboxyatractyloside, has been isolated from the plant.Beta-sitosterol glucoside is anti-inflammatory, xanthumin is a central nervous system depressant. Alcoholic solution of xanthinin shows strong antibacterial activity against Gramnegative bacteria and fungi. A cy- totoxic compound, xanthatin (a seco- 4,5-guaianolide) has been detected in the resin.The root gave n-heptacosanol, stig- masterol, 3,4,-dihydro oxycinnamic acid, beta-sitosterol and its D-gluco- side, and campesterol.Xanthium spinosum Linn. (introduced from Europe into West Bengal and Assam), known as Spiny Clotbur, is used as a diuretic, antiperiodic (also in intermittent fevers), sudorific, antidiarrhoeal and styptic.The whole plant gave several xan- thanolides. The sesquiterpene lac- tones, xanthinin, solstitialin and sti- zolicin, isolated from the plant, demonstrated limited antitumour action in vitro. Xanthatin has also been isolated.... xanthium strumariumXena, Xenea, Xenya, Xinia, Xeniah, Xeenia, Xenah, Xina, Xyna, Xene, Xeena, Xia... xenia
Xenobiah, Xenobya, Xenobe, Xenobie, Xenobey, Xenovia, Xenobee, Xenoby, Xenobea, Xenobeah... xenobia
Xerenah, Xerene, Xeren, Xereena, Xeryna, Xereene, Xerenna... xerena
Habitat: Both the Peninsulas and the Andaman Islands.
English: Tallow-Wood, False Sandal-Wood.Siddha/Tamil: Chiru-illantai, Kadaranji, Siruyilandai.Action: Fruits—known as Wild Plum or Wild Olive, are used as a substitute for lemon. Fruits and seeds—laxative. Root and leaves— decoction given in jaundice, diarrhoea and during fevers. Root—used for venereal diseases. Bark—astringent, applied to sores. Wood—used as a substitute for sandalwood.
The root contains fat, rich in acety- lenic acids, including ximenynic acid. The bark contains 17% tannin. An extract of leaves gave positive test for presence of free triterpenoids.Alcoholic extract of the plant showed antiviral and hypotensive activity in primary tests on animals.A cyanogenic and antimicrobial constituent, sambunigrin, is present in the plant. Natural lignified products from the plant significantly stimulate iodination of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells.The fruit contains 60.3 mg/100 g ascorbic acid.... ximenia americanaHabitat: South India.
Folk: Kochelachi-pullu (Kerala).Action: Herb—antiseptic. Bruised leaves and their juice, dried into powder and mixed with brandy, are used for ringworm, itches, leprosy and other skin diseases.... xyris commplanata
Habitat: Peninsular India.
Siddha/Tamil: Irul.Folk: Jambu, Suriaa.Action: Bark—anthelmintic, antidiarrhoeal. Seed oil—an- tirheumatic. Bark and seed oil— antileprotic, used for ulcers and piles. A decoction of the bark powder is given with honey as a vermifuge.
The leaves contain beta-sitosterol and t-5-hydroxypipecolic acid which was shown to be an inhibitor of blood platelet aggregation.The bark from South India gave tannin 17.1 and non-tans 11.1%; also contains triterpenes. The leaves contain 2.8% of tannins.The seed yielded oil with oleic 21.5, linoleic 34.8, behenic 21.3 and ligno- ceric 10.2% fatty acids.... xylia xylocarpaHabitat: Coastal regions of India, especially in Tamil Nadu.
Siddha/Tamil: Somanthiri, Kan- lolanyey.English: The Puzzle Fruit tree.Folk: Pussur, Dhundul.Action: Bark—astringent, an- tidysenteric, febrifuge.
The bark and leaves contain friede- lin, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol; te- tranorterpenoids—oxomeliac derivatives. Bark, in addition, contains tri- acontanol. The heartwood contains beta-sitosterol and gedunin. Different parts of the plant contain tannins— fruit pulp 8.57, leaves 7.92, twig bark 14.82, branch bark 20.58, bole bark 23.73, branch wood 4.67 and bole wood 4.94%.A closely related species X.gange- ticus Prain occurs in West Bengal and the Andamans.... xylocarpus granatumHabitat: Evergreen forests of Kerala up to an altitude of 600 m.
Folk: Saanthu, Kalpottan (Kerala), Kalpootha, Chiddavintai (Tamil Nadu), ulli (Karnataka).Action: Root bark—antiseptic, used for ulcers. Root bark, flowers, fruits—used for oral hygiene.
Fruits of Xylopia aromatica are chewed with betel leaves; also used in cough and cold. The fruits, known as Suvaali Pippali, have no relationship with Pippali of Indian medicine. The plant contains pinenes.... xylopia parvifloraHabitat: Shady ravines of the Western Himalayas from Kashmir to Kumaon and on low hills up to an altitude of 1,500 m.
Folk: Sallu (Kumaon), Sailu (Himachal Pradesh, North India), Dandal (North India), Katahaar (Assam).Action: An extract of young and tender leaves resembles opium in action and is used in Assam for intoxication. The herb exhibits antispasmodic, narcotic and sedative activity. It is prescribed in dysentery, restlessness and insomnia.... xylosma longifolium
Habitat: West Bengal, Assam and Western Peninsula, generally on sandy soils and salt marshes.
Ayurvedic: Daadmaari, Dhobi Deeb.Folk: Haabiduuba (Bengal), Kochelachi-pullu (Malayalam).Action: Plant—used for ringworm, itches and leprosy.
Xyris pauciflora Willd. (marshy areas in Bihar, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu) is prescribed as a sedative for... xyris indicaSide effects may include dizziness and mild gastrointestinal disturbances.... xipamide