Arnold–chiari Malformation | Health Encyclopedia: Arnold

Arnold–chiari Malformation: From 1 Different Sources

a congenital disorder in which there is distortion of the base of the skull with protrusion of the lower brainstem and parts of the cerebellum through the opening for the spinal cord at the base of the skull (see banana and lemon signs). It is associated commonly with *neural tube defects, *hydrocephalus, and a *syringomyelia. [J. Arnold (1835–1915) and H. Chiari (1851–1916), German pathologists]

Health Source: Oxford | Concise Colour Medical Dictionary
Author: Jonathan Law, Elizabeth Martin

Palate, Malformations Of

The commonest deformity of the PALATE is cleft palate, which is a result of faulty embryonic development in which the two sides of the palate fail to fuse or only fuse in part. If the cleft extends the full length with bilateral clefts at the front of the MAXILLA, it may be accompanied by a cleft lip (also called hare-lip) and disruption in the development of the front teeth. About 1 in 500 babies is born with a cleft lip and 1 in 1,000 has a cleft palate. If the parents are affected, the risk is three times that of the normal population; if one child has a deformity, the risk for a subsequent child is higher. Associated abnormalities include tongue tie, malpositioning of the MANDIBLE and ?uid in the middle EAR.

Cleft palate and hare-lip should be recti?ed by operation, because both are a serious drawback to feeding in early life – while later, harelip is a great dis?gurement, and the voice may be affected. The lip may be dealt with at any time from the neonatal period to a few weeks, depending on the individual surgeon’s view of when the best result is likely to be achieved. Prior to operation, special techniques may be necessary to ensure adequate feeding such as the use of special teats in formula-fed babies. The closure of a large cleft in the palate is a more formidable operation and is better performed when the face has grown somewhat, perhaps at 6–12 months. The operations performed vary greatly in details, but all consist in paring the edges of the gap and drawing the soft parts together across it.

Further operations may be required over the years to improve the appearance of the nose and lip, to make sure that teeth are even, and to improve speech.

Parents of such children can obtain help and advice from the Cleft Lip and Palate Association (CLAPA).... palate, malformations of

Budd–chiari Syndrome

A rare disorder in which the veins draining blood from the liver become blocked or narrowed.

Blood accumulates in the liver, which swells.

Liver failure and portal hypertension result.

Treatment is aimed at removing the cause of the obstruction: this may be a blood clot, pressure on the veins from a liver tumour, or a congenital abnormality of the veins.

In most cases, treatment has only a limited effect and, unless a liver transplant can be done, the disease is fatal within 2 years.... budd–chiari syndrome

Budd–chiari Syndrome

a rare condition that follows occlusion of the hepatic veins by thrombosis or nonthrombotic processes. In the majority of cases the cause is unknown but hypercoagulable states, local or disseminated malignancy, and infection are possible causes. It is characterized by abdominal pain, abdominal distension due to ascites, and jaundice. Clinical examination may reveal hepatomegaly, and *hepatic encephalopathy. [G. Budd (1808–82), British physician; H. Chiari (1851–1916), German pathologist]... budd–chiari syndrome

Arnold–chiari malformation Health Dictionary

Arnold–chiari Malformation: From 1 Different Sources

Malformation

Palate, Malformations Of

Budd–chiari Syndrome

Arteriovenous Malformation

Budd–chiari Syndrome

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