Habitat: Uttar Pradesh, Bengal, Madhya Pradesh and western peninsular India.
English: Bracteated Birthwort.Ayurvedic: Kitamaari, Dhumrapa- traa, Naakuli.Unani: Kiraamaar.Siddha/Tamil: Aadutheendaappaalai, Kattusuragam.Action: Oxytocic, abortifacient, emmenagogue.
Leaves and fruit contain ceryl alcohol, aristolochic acid and beta-sitos- terol. Aristolochic acid is insecticidal, poisonous, nephrotoxic. Leaf juice— vermifuge. Seeds—strong purgative. Products containing aristolochic acid are banned in the U.S., Canada, Great Britain, European countries and Japan.The seed compounds, aristolochic acid and magnoflorine, induce contractions in the isolated uterus of pregnant rat and stimulate the isolated ileum of guinea pig. They also activate the muscarinic and serotoner- gic receptors in a variety of organs. Magnoflorine decreases arterial blood pressure in rabbits, and induces hypothermia in mice.See also A. longa.... aristolochia bracteolataHabitat: Throughout the country, mainly in the plains and lower hilly regions.
English: The Indian Birthwort.Ayurvedic: Ishvari, Gandhnaakuli, Naagadamani, Arkamuula.Unani: Zaraavand-Hindi.Siddha/Tamil: Adagam.Folk: Isarmuula, Isrola.Action: Oxytocic, abortifacient, emmenagogue.
Aristolochia sp. contain aristolochic acids and aristolactams.... aristolochia indicaAction: Oxytocic, abortifacient, emmenagogue.
Aristolochic acid and its Me es- ter—strongly abortifacient, showed damage to liver and kidney. Roots— anti-oestrogenic. A cytotoxic lignan, savinin, has been isolated from the roots.Aristolochic acid also has an effect against adenosarcoma and HeLa cells in culture; however, it is suspected to be carcinogenic.Aristolochia extracts show a pronounced enhancement of phagocytosis by leucocytes, granulocytes and peritoneal macrophages, due to the presence of aristolochic acids.Tardolyt-coated tablets, which contain 0.3 mg of aristolochic acid, increase phagocytosis in healthy men.Aristolochic acid also exhibits reduction of some of the toxic effects of prednisolone, chloramphenicol and tetracycline in experiments in vitro, and a reduction in the rate of recurrent herpes lesions in vivo.... aristolochia longaHabitat: Native to tropical America and the West Indies.
English: Sarsaparilla.Unani: Ushbaa Maghrabi (Ushbaa Desi is equated with Decalepis hamiltonii.)Action: Alterative, anti- inflammatory, antipruritic, blood purifier, antiseptic. (It was first introduced in 1563 as a drug for syphilis.)
In Western herbal, Sarsaparilla is equated with Smilax aristolochiaefo- lia (American, Mexican, Vera Cruz or Grey Sarsaparilla); S. medica, S. regelii (Jamaican, Honduras or Brown Sarsaparilla); S.febrifuga (Ecuadorian or Guayaquil Sarsaparilla). Hemides- mus indicus is equated with Indian Sarsaparilla.Key application: Preparations of sarsaparilla root are used for skin diseases, psoriasis and its sequel, rheumatic complaints, kidney diseases, and as a diaphoretic and diuretic. (The claimed efficacy has not been established clinically.) Included among unapproved herbs by German Commission E.The roots and rhizomes of sarsaparil- la contain saponins based on aglycones sarsapogenin and smilagenin, the major one being parillin (sarsaponin), with smilasaponin (smilacin) and sar- saparilloside; beta-sitosterol, stigmas- terol and their glucosides. Chief components of saponins (0.5-3%) are sar- saparilloside, along with parillin as a breakdown product. Parillin shows antibiotic activity.Sarsaparilla root sterols are not anabolic steroids, nor are they converted in vivo to anabolic steroids. Testosterone, till now, has not been detected in any plant including sarsaparilla. Hemidesmus indicus contains none of the saponins or principal constituents found in sarsaparilla. (Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 2007.)... smilax aristolochiaefolia
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